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It makes no sense to me that they would build two different kinds of ships while living barely above a subsistence level.
Why do say they were living barely above subsistence? This is after the Vikings raided all along the coast of Britain, France and Germany and they had wealth, wanted more. The proof of cargo/merchant ships is in the digs and from Arab texts. They are funerary mounds which contain the burnt relics of these ships and Arab descriptions of them.Further, why would anyone travel down river and overland, in vessels that could not hold a lot of cargo? Why would anyone go to such lengths to trade and not have a ton of cargo?
[The description provided could describe any number of naval battles from Phoenicia to the Hundred Years War/quote]
Any battles except where Vikings are involoved? That is not a sufficent rebuttal, you have not proved this information is incorrect.
http://hnn.us/articles/88232.html
Most people have difficulty divorcing their own morals from the morals of the past, for example, in the 2006 book Imperialism, Art, and Restitution, the authors Dr. Michael Brown from Williams College and Margaret Bruchac from University of Massachusetts, Amherst wrote: The implementation of NAGPRA prompted anthropologists to examine their profession with a critical eye, to weigh the thoughtless and sometimes shameful behavior of anthropology?s intellectual ancestors against more recent efforts to set matter right.Past anthropologists have been facing this retroactive judgment since the 1960s. Although some anthropologists conducted research that has not held up in the years (such Dr. Samuel Morton?s phrenology studies, which involved telling the character of an individual by the shape of the skull and face), other anthropological research has withstood the test of time, such as studies that show the increase of infectious disease rates with the adoption of agriculture. Early studies were not about disrespect and many continue to serve a purpose today. Studies conducted at the beginning of the twentieth century on thigh bone differences between ethnic groups, for example, still help forensic anthropologists identify crime victims. Other early studies have helped us to understand that many of our differences are in part due to climatic differences and this in turn has given us an understanding where people came from. Information gained from studies as early as 1917 has provided anthropologists with a foundation for our new more sophisticated studies, such as those that enable activity pattern reconstructions using bone diameters.
I realize there is considerable respect here for people and places of the past, and that sentiment is expressed more and more among anthropologists and archeologists. You certainly have reason to question methods of the past but the current trend reflects a sense of responsiblity when handling and studying ancient remains. In my opinion.
Skiguy, Harry Reid can hope all he wants, there is no way the senate is going to pass this. If they tax people now, I don't care if its only $175 a year, there will be a new senate in 2010. Since when does the majority get to drop a 300 page ammendment to a bill just hours before the vote? It was packed with preferences for favored processing plants and extra carbon credits for Obama supporters. There is supposed to be deliberation, Obama wipes his feet on the Constitution. John Boehner was prepared to read all 300 pages.
The House held several hours of debate today on the cap-and-trade bill, which grew by a whopping 300 pages overnight, with a vote planned for this evening.Just as things were wrapping up, Rep. John Boehner took the floor for his several minutes to speak. When he surpassed his five minutes, and went cruising on past 20, Rep. Henry Waxman interjected with a parliamentary question (somewhat paraphrased, but close):"I know we have these magic minutes that allow leaders to speak forever, but is there a limit on how long he can speak, under parliamentary prodedure," he asked.The chair, Rep. Ellen Tauscher, answered the California Democrat disappointingly: "It is the custom of the House to hear the leader."Boehner then went on to read from the 300+ pages of amendments added to the 1,200-page at 3:09 a.m., berating the Congress for the irresponsible way it was approaching the mammoth bill:"Don't you think the American people expect us to understand what's in this bill before we vote on it," he asked. "I hate to do this to all of you, but when you file 300-pg amendment at 3:09 in the morning, someone has to work on it. I've been working on it today, and I'm gonna make sure you understand what's in this." Right now, he's still talking with no signs of slowing down. The reading of the bill is an edifying end to an embarrassing day on the floor, during which there was a lengthy debate between Tauscher, bill co-sponsor Rep. Ed Markey, and Republican Rep. Joe Barton on whether there was even a copy of the final version of the bill available for lawmakers to see (not that they'd read it).The Democrats were hoping for a vote this afternoon.
http://www.weeklystandard.com/weblogs/TWSFP/2009/06/john_boehner_takes_over_the_fl.aspOh that Henry Waxman!
http://library-studies.blogspot.com/2006/01/vikings.html
Viking sagas describe sea battles being fought by lining up two opposing fleets with the bows of the ships facing the enemy. The defending fleet would fasten their ships alongside each other with the strongest and largest ship in the center. Attackers would climb upon the smaller boats, fighting warriors along the way and throwing spears and arrows at the center ship. Once a smaller ship had been commandeered, the attackers would set it adrift from the rest of the defending fleet. Depending on the strength of the two armies, the attackers would either retreat with the captured boat and booty or would continue to fight until the center ship was taken
Well it is rather new information, I mentioned on another thread that current excavation in and around Kiev have shed light on the Rus and their activity in the 8-9th century. There is a video production co. called “Kulture” they have produced dvds on historical topics and are availible through the libraby network. In “Vikings” the subject of overland river hopping and trade, as well as the settlement on Laborador, and recent digs are discussed at legnth. If I can find an online source I will post it. This is a good starthttp://www.nordicway.com/search/Vikings%20in%20the%20East.htm
That's a good question – one that I have as well. Sailing in shallow waters was a great advantage for transport because it allowed them to travel from open sea and up rivers, thereby penetrating deep into kingdoms. I am guessing they used a different type of ship for battle at sea.
The Vikings used cargo ships to travel by river through Europe,they were different from the longboats. They traveled river to river starting at the coast of Germany. When they got into marshland, they employed the slavs to hoist the boats onto wheeled carts (the word "slave" is derived here) and travel overland. Eventually they reached the Black Sea, where they could trade with Arabs, fur and slaves for gold. In the 9th century they become assimilated into the slavic culture and strong arm their way into Constantinople. http://early-middle-ages.suite101.com/article.cfm/the_viking_knarr_merchant_shipThis is a non edu page but it has a good description of Viking merchant/cargo ships.
I just started James M. McPherson's “Tried by War” about Lincoln as Commander in Chief. Its about the ways that Lincoln defined and expanded the power of the Executive Branch and how he struggled to understand war strategy. I expect to find a lot of detail on his difficulty with McClennan. Anyone read it? Care to critique?
Metaphorical deaths usually involved solely the slave or criminal gladiators where they would act out a mythological event and death almost always occurred. The actual gladiatorial combats between professional gladiators only had about a 1:10 death ratio because the spectacles became more secular in nature
That makes good sense, you do not allow your best fighters to just die, they have been trained and investment poured into them. It would be reasonable to do away with criminals and unwanted slaves.
I am very surprised! haha I thought I sensed an increasingly humanistic tone among scientists when referring to people of the past. At least they have stopped saying “primitive” and “savage.” For the most part, and I follow archeology pretty regularly, I perceive awe and reverance for ancient civilizations.Maybe this is a distinction only professional historians would pick up on, here I am just reading as a fan.
“Injecting additional money into the banking system is a pretty dangerous game right now, and the Fed cannot afford to press on the accelerator amid a potentially inflationary environment,” said Richard Yamarone, economist at Argus Research.
However Obama is pushing for continued infusion of cash into mortgage backed securities, that increases the risk of massive inflation, the bank lending rates are at an all time low 0-0.25% and credit cards and consumer loans should hold at 3.25% that means its time to slow down the purchases of bonds by the Fed. Its critical right now to stop spending but Obama is stubborn, I know he has no clue and listens to advisors that say what he wants to hear.
I read Douglass' bio and my impression is that he would be embarrassed by Obama. For all the hardship and brutality that Douglass endured, his writing is so restrained and pragmatic, he is dignity, serious and concrete. No one critisized Obama until he became president, he has always been told how brilliant he is and I think he understands black America less than I do.
