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Ugh...that has been a problem that some of our users have been having for a while, and for the life of me I cannot figure out why that is happening. I apologize, and I will keep on trying to solve this mystery...
Thanks -- I feel better knowing I am not alone.
For what it is worth, an Italian-Jewish girl I met in college said the Vatican helped her family escape to South Africa. She never mentioned the Pope as the family's benefactor.Still, the Church has much to answer for. Cardinal Stepanic of Croatia was pro-Nazi from all I have read, and a Polish Cardinal in 1937 suggested 1/3 of Poland's Jews should convert, 1/3 should be kicked out, and 1/3 should die -- which is why several of my father's cousins emigrated pronto in 1938.I fall on the side of those who are negative about Pius XII.
Possibly there might have been a record setting bloody day during the Taiping revolt in mid-19th China during which it is estimated 20,000,000 perished.
I was trying to explain that Jews were more than merchants and moneylenders during the Carolingians. Does that answer your and? Perhaps my glitching the response was confusing?
I agree with both of you. I think it's quite difficult to imagine how the whole society at the time was involved with religion. Religion seemed to be ruling all aspects of life: daily, political and even economic (remember the status of the Jews during that time when money was considered as impure even if necessary... although this deserves a new chapter...) The Jews florished during the reigns of Charlemagne, Louis the Pious, and Charles the Bald despite hostility from andcomplaints by certain bishops. Christians in many cases preferred sermons by rabbis to their priests. Market days in many communities were changed to Sunday to accomodate those who wanted to attend synagogues. Jews could own land and pagan slaves same as the Christians. More than a few nobles and clergy converted to Judaism. Paganism and Arianism had not been completely eliminated in the empire, and Roman Catholics were debating over Adoptionism and Iconoclasts vs. Iconodules. No surprise that Judaism appealed to many not sure of their Christianity.? the reign of Louis the Pious was a golden age for the Jews of his kingdom such as they had neverenjoyed, and were destined never again to enjoy inEurope. Heinrich Hirsh Graetz, History of the Jews, Volume III
The conspirators of the July Plot were indeed naieve in their belief they could obtain a negotiated peace with the West once they removed Hitler because of the Allies' demand for unconditional surrender. But remember, Stalin saw everyone as a potential enemy and as such could believe that FDR and Churchill would betray him and make a separate peace. I remember hearing throughout the war ( I was born in 1932) that the Allies would not make the same mistake as in 1918. This time they would conquer all of Germany to let the Germans know they had been defeated.
Had Hitler been killed, his replacement might have sued for a separate peace with the Western Allies and that was something Stalin feared more than Hitler alone.
Stalin was correct. Even Hitler believed he could negotiate a separate peace with the Western Allies if his "wonder weapons" worked. In 1944 at an awards ceremony he told fighter ace Eric Hartmann that the war was lost militarily and expressed the above hope. That also was a goal of those who attempted the 1944 assassination plot.
I read somewhere many years ago that a soldier on defense during both World Wars was worth the strength of six men attacking, perhaps more.
In no particular order of blame:1. Dragutin Dimetrievich leader of the Serbian Black Hand -- Princep was merely one of his tools.2.French desire for revenge against Germany, building since defeats from Franco Prussian War.3.Russian meddling in the Balkans and assuring Serbs of their aid even though one of their diplomats referred to south Slavs as "Christianized Trurks with funny sounding names."4. Belief by some that war vs. Serbia could be kept localized despite Bismarck's caveat: "Some damn foolish thing in the Balkans may cause the next great European War."5. No Nobel Prize winner T.R. as U.S. President to mediate with all his prestige a prevention of war.6. Homer Lea's Book, Day of the Saxon pub. 1912 that predicted inevitable war between Germany and the British Empire. Also see Lea's 1908 prescient Valor of Ignorance that predicted war between Japan and the USA. 7. British fear of the German naval buildup.8. German fear of a two front war leading to preemptive ultimatums certain to be rejected.9. Too long a period of general peace while glories of war extolled -- "home by Christmas" mentality.Let the biases select #1 from above and others named on this thread.
Artist Frederic Remington is said to have gone to slaughter houses to smear blood on his uniform to intimidate the other team when he played college football.
My first post having joined a short time ago.I like Machaivelli's realism. Interesting, the Folio Society edition of The Prince has an introduction by Benito Mussolini.
I like your website Don. I might "steal" some of your web graphic themes for my sites. (Not your actual graphics mind you, but something similar I will make on my own). 🙂 Oh by the way, welcome to WCF!
Thank you. My publisher designed it.
A History major, I was a Social Studies Dept. Chair at a high school in Los Angeles for 15 years. The great problem for students at the grade school level is this: All teachers of History must be credentialed as Social Studies majors or minor. Very few are History majors and types who read history books in their spare time. The worst thing a teacher could say to me when they were new or we received a new textbook was, "Do you have a teacher's manual for me?" One teacher, a coach too, and popular, after more than 20 years of teaching U.S. History expressed surprise that the French were there at Yorktown. He gave U's to several students who challended him when he said that Queen Victoria was a perfect example of an absolut monarch.
