I don’t watch the History Channel much anymore (ironically, not much history to see anymore), but I did turn to a program last night on my Roku. It was called “Ancient Impossible” – a show where they investigate topics and facts from the old world which seem improbable to our modern sense of “chronological snobbery” (to borrow a term from C.S. Lewis). I like the idea of the program, so I decided to watch. The topic was on ancient weapons and armor. One of the things they discussed was the use of armored cavalry (cataphracts) by the Romans. Not just partially-armored, but armored to look like medieval knights, including helmet with faceshield. To their credit, they did provide textual and pictorial sources which seemed to support such a conclusion. Anyway, I was unaware of this. Is this something that has been known for a while, or perhaps a theory that has been floated for a while but only recently been gaining greater acceptance?
I find it improbable because how would a fully armored man stay in the saddle? The romans did not have stirrups, which is what gave a medieval knight the stability to stay in the saddle while wearing 100+ pounds of plate armor. ANyone who has ever ridden bareback knows how difficult it is to stay on a moving horse with just legs and reins. I cannot even magine staying on a horse while armored AND fighting without a saddle. I could buy Roman cavalry wearing the same armor as infantry, but not plate.
Roman heavy cavalry wore a kind of chainmail hauberk, a fully enclosed pseudo-corinthian style helmet and carried a Spatha sword about 1/3 longer than a Gladius and either javelins or spears. All Roman horse archers were not Romans but provincial auxiliaries and most cavalry was also composed of non-Roman auxiliaries although some citizens did serve in the cavalry.The Roman saddle was a strange four-horned affair in which the rider used the strength of his thighs to stay in the saddle and the high horns at the four points helped to keep them from being unseated when throwing or striking a blow. There is a very good reason why the most dominant armies of the world prior to appearance of the Huns were infantry. Cavalry was simply unsuited to shock action. Not only do horse refuse to charge a square or formed infantry, the rider was so unstable that they were really only suitable for reconnaissance work and running down and killing routed infantry. Outside of Numidia and Parthia, cavalry was a despised arm and the only reason it was considered special was because the care and upkeep of a horse was so expensive only the rich cold afford it.Note: I am not down on cavalry because I don't like cavalry, I am just stating objective facts. Also, I spent my entire military career as a cavalryman and the US Cavalry takes our lineage as horse soldiers very seriously indeed.
I agree that the Roman cavalry didn't wear a kind of full plate armour and I don't think any evidence of such armour plated gear was ever found. I can't watch the documentary Phid was referring first about this thread but your statement seems to be more correct (chainmail, enclosed helmet and the Spatha sword). I'm curious to know what evidence they brought in that documentary. This make me think of a documentary made by BBC3 that I watched a few days ago; it was about medieval England, the Hundred Year's War and the Plague, telling how stunning were England and Richard II at the time until they came out with Gothic architecture which, according to the documentary, was created in England !! I agree about some kind of pride about History but sometimes the limit between History and chauvinism seems quite thin. (including me)
The documentary did point to the sketch at Dura Europos (seen here), I think to illustrate that the Romans did see full armor in their enemies (and desire to form their own similar unit), as well as a fifth century(?) manuscript showing a picture of such a fully-armored Roman on horseback.I'm not sure what they would say about the lack of stirrups, or the lack of the high back saddle, both of which came about around Charmlemagne's time. They could probably have gotten by without the high back saddle (there wasn't any indication in the documentary that the cataphracts were involved in jousting) but the stirrup is another story.
The topic was on ancient weapons and armor. One of the things they discussed was the use of armored cavalry (cataphracts) by the Romans. Not just partially-armored, but armored to look like medieval knights, including helmet with faceshield. To their credit, they did provide textual and pictorial sources which seemed to support such a conclusion.
It also depends on what kind of medieval knights it looked like; the evolution of armours during the Middle Ages was quite important. (see attachment)However, after few investigations, it seems that indeed the Roman army had units of heavily armoured cavalry, known as the cataphractarii and the clibanarii, covered from neck to foot by a combination of scale and/or lamellar armour for the torso and laminated defences for the limbs (see manica), and their horses were often armoured also. Cataphracts carried a long, heavy lance called a contus, c. 3.65 m (12 ft) long, that was held in both hands, a cavalry sword (spatha), which was much longer than the infantry gladius to provide greater reach and a long dagger. These cavalry units were part of the Ala(e) who were specially trained and were heavily protected, with chain-mail or scale body armour, a cavalry version of the infantry helmet (with more protective features) and oval shield.So, yes, it might be possible that some Roman cavalry units were looking vaguely "similar" as medieval knights (just like any kind of such armour can look similar)You have here a description from Ammianus Marcellinus (4th century AD)http://faculty.georgetown.edu/jod/prose/ammianus.htmlAnother link about the Equitatus and Auxiliaryhttp://www.unrv.com/military/roman-cavalry.php
I wanted to reply but each time I'm trying to post, it's cancelled ....update : my reply in several shorter parts ...
Sorry about that; I have experienced it as well on here. I think that the forum software automatically prevents people from making posts with more than a few links in it. I am not sure how to change this, and in the past I've done what you did - post in multiple replies.
Nota BeneIn my replies, it was not my intention to dismiss or disregard opinions or expertises from anyone.If my statements have been hurting or upsetting someone, I present my apologies