You beat me to it Ski.I was going to comment that he is long on claims of positive contribution but short on specifics. I have provided a few references of negative contributions. Plus some polemics.
Anything prior to about 600 AD was Arab (or a particular group you might name), since Islamic or Muslim can be added. Some contributions may be specific to the religion and others aren't.
OK, then name same. Math? That came from the Greeks.Science? GreeksNavigation? GreeksThe western alphabet and writing? Phoenicians, Greeks, then Romans.Anything that Islam did was a continuation and/or copy of Graeco-Roman contributions.I'll give them this (and this was before Islam), the Arabs preserved a lot of ancient text (but so did the Irish and Benedictine monks)So here's a better question. What ORIGINAL contribution did Islam make to western civilization?
Easy:Following the fall of the Roman Empire and the dawn of the Middle Ages, many texts from Classical Antiquity had been lost to the Europeans. In the Middle East however, many of these Greek texts were translated from Greek into Syriac during the 6th and the 7th century by Nestorian or Jacobite monks living in Palestine, or by Greek exiles from Athens who visited Islamic Universities. Many of these texts were then kept, translated, and developed upon by the Islamic world, especially in centers of learning such as Baghdad with thousands of manuscripts existed as soon as 832. These texts were translated again into European languages during the Middle Ages.Islamic world developed its own sciences, such as algebra, chemistry, geology, trigonometry and more which were later also transmitted to the West. Contributing to the growth of European science was the major search by European scholars for new learning which they could only find among Muslims, especially in Islamic Spain and Sicily. These scholars translated new scientific and philosophical texts from Arabic into Latin. (see Averroes)The chemical and alchemical works of Geber (Jabir ibn Hayyan) were translated into Latin around the 12th century and became standard texts for European alchemists.Arabic astronomical and mathematical works were translated into Latin during the 12th century. Arabic numerals are the ten digits (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9). From there they were transmitted to Europe in the Middle Ages.Hospitals began in the Islamic world and later spread to Europe during the Crusades, inspired by the hospitals in the Middle East. The first hospital in Paris, Les Quinze-vingt (15/20), was founded by Louis IX after his return from the Crusade between 1254-1260.One of the most important scientific works to be translated was Ibn al-Haytham's Book of Optics (1021), which initiated a revolution in optics and visual perception and introduced the earliest experimental scientific method.In the 12th century, Europe owed Islam an agricultural revolution (see Muslim Agricultural Revolution), due to the progressive introduction into Europe of various unknown fruits: the artichoke, spinachs, aubergines, peaches, apricots.Europe adopted a number of educational, legal and scientific institutions from the Islamic world, including the public hospital and psychiatric hospital, the public library and lending library, the academic degree-granting university (e.g. Madrasah :the origins of the college lies in the medieval Islamic world), the astronomical observatory as a research institute.From Islamic Spain, the Arabic philosophical literature was translated into Hebrew, Latin, and Ladino, contributing to the development of modern European philosophy (check Avicenna.) Need more ? 😉The fact that there is some conflicts around the world and especially with Islamic appearance shouldn't mislead our judgement about any civilisation. History is not a valet of politics.
The fact that there is some conflicts around the world and especially with Islamic appearance shouldn't mislead our judgement about any civilisation. History is not a valet of politics.
That is true. And it's too bad that many postmodern historians, when trying to amplify the contributions of Islam, are ignoring real history in the process.
That is true. And it's too bad that many postmodern historians, when trying to amplify the contributions of Islam, are ignoring real history in the process.
Well Sky, I'm not trying to amplify anything but I like to tickle and tease people until they finally reckon that when they are dealing with History: appearances, news, preconceived opinions make the historian's work "difficult" ...
Aeth, I'm not saying you're doing it, but it does seem to be the current trend in revisionism. The only thing I'm biased about is when Greek contribution to Western Civilization is diminished. I guess this is going to be something I'll be fighting against for the rest of my life. Anything Islam has contributed is borrowed from the Greeks, Romans, or early Christians. BTW, it took me less than 15 minutes to find those 3 links. It's not that difficult to present historical fact sometimes. ;D
For the record, I personally don't buy the arguments for economic or cultural imperialism. They seem too contrived to me. I can buy economic or even cultural dominance, but imperialism, no I don't buy that. I know it is a semantic difference but I am convinced the difference is real and significant nonetheless. This boils down to an issue of opinion, I have stated mine and no amount of arguing will change it.This was my response to the economic imperialism argument awhile ago and my position has changed very little.
Ski,The mistake you are making is in thinking that the terrorist?s motivation should concern me. I am arguing that we in the West are not at fault for conditions in the Middle East. All of these states have been independent for at least 30 years. I don?t buy the economic imperialism argument either, most, although not all of the economic exploitation of Middle Eastern peoples is done by their own leadership not the West or Western corporations. That is a myth that needs to be exploded. AT what point do the former colonial peoples become responsible for their own condition. I refuse to fall into the self-flagellating trap of blaming everything wrong with the world on the West, which so many in the West do. The former colonial peoples are not children and nor should we treat them as such. Blaming their problems on us is discounting their own responsibility for their fate.I am not talking of government disapproval of terrorist methods; I am speaking of their popular support. There is little to no evidence of a popular backlash against either terrorist?s goals or methods. A few prison programs are but a drop in the sea against the wide popular support enjoyed by the terrorists and their anti-Western rhetoric and actions. It is only enlightened self-interest that leads the regimes in the region to combat extremist thought. They see the writing on the wall, if the terrorists succeed in their present aims, the current regimes in the region are next.
When it gets right down to it, I am not very interested in discussing causes for terrorism. I care about solutions. If the solution that works is touchy-feely then I am all for it, if it takes the sword then I am all for that too. I just want the Islamists out of my backyard and to quit looking over the fence telling me how wrong I am, I am more than willing to extend them the same courtesy. They can grub in the sand all they want, but they should not export their brand of morality to the west and I wont export mine to them. Is that too much to ask?I am reminded of the joke about GW and Osama bin Laden. Both are walking down the beach and find a lamp. A genie pops out and says he will grant them each one wish. Osama wishes for a 50 mile impenetrable wall around the Muslim lands and "poof" he gets it. The genie turns to GW who asks if it is true tha nothing can get in or out of the wall? The genie says yes so Bush wishes that it gets filled with water. I literally rolled on the floor the first time I heard that because I think it exemplifies the position of the extremists on both sides so well.
When it gets right down to it, I am not very interested in discussing causes for terrorism. I care about solutions.
When the house is repeatedly on fire, you look for the cause in order to circumscribe and eliminate it"To the living we owe respect, but to the dead we owe only the truth." Voltaire
Looking at the causes of terrorism is to assume that there is anything the West can do that will make Islamic terrorists hate us any less. Is there? ??? I don't think so. Their own words say there is not. As I have repeatedly stated, groups such as Al Quaeda and their ilk do not seek to right a wrong, they seek to destroy, convert, and prostrate the West. I am not saying this, they are.
A couple of years back I read a book on Fundamentalism (Islamic as well as generally) the main assertion was that any fundamentalist is less interested in any kind of meeting of the minds (consensus on getting along with others) than simply going back to what they believe is the correct (core) philosophy of their sect. This requires conversion or coercion of all outsiders to their way of thinking. What we are seeing today in the world really displays this (from many groups) and seems to me counter to the ideals promoted by Christ. Rather than “kill you now” if you don't see it His way… time and judgment will “settle the score”.In short, there is nothing we can do to placate the Islamic fundamentalists short of going back into the sandbox with them. Wish I could find the book (will look again) but it may have made the long ride to the used bookstore. 😮
Oh, I agree 100%. Christian fundamentalists even Hindus for that matter are no different in the depth of their belief. The different is one group is strapping bombs to their followers and the other isn't. There is just as much vitriol in the abortion debate but it generally does not turn violent, there are exceptions of course but they are just that, exceptions. There is nothing worse than a fanatic of any stripe.BTW, I would love to know the title of that book, it sounds very interesting.