Alright then I already made the changes that you advised to the best of my ability. In addition to that, I have made other changes to the point that now I feel that I?ve done the best I could to make it a complete document. Still I was hoping to run this by you again just to be on the safe side.

Hello there to you all. It's been a while since I've been back here. I got swarmed by matters and all that. I've been working on articles that deal with history (mainly military history). Right now I have two that are getting close to completion and they both deal with World War II. Any advice on them would truly be appreciated (how I arranged them all, any missing things, etc). Thank you for any help that you can provide.

Here is an updated copy of the work I've been doing for a potential article about this battle. So any considerations or thoughts about the matter. Any that you have will truly be appreciated.

Well I just didn't want my revisions deleted since I invested a little time there. 🙂

It wasn't your revisions. The thing is that I may have made a double post. And that is why that I am here. I made some corrections (taking most of your advice into consideration with the things that you highlighted in red) and have some thoughts about the document that I wanted to run through you guys first. Introduction: On September 9, 1943, an allied invasion force landed in Salerno on the Italian coast. Alongside the crossing of the Straits of Messina by Bernard Law Montgomery?s Eighth Army six days earlier, the invasion of Salerno opened the Italian Campaign, which turned out to be one of the most bitter of World War II. The battle, itself, became a taste of things to come as well-prepared and well-armed German forces met the Allied forces on the beaches. Savage German resistance, along with mistakes made by Allied commanders, came close to being a disaster. However, sheer courage, luck, and excellent fire support, allowed the Allied forces to hold their ground on the shore, and as a result, the Germans failed to drive them back into the sea. Although the invasion did succeed, it was a narrow success and influenced the later thinking of both the Allied in German forces. PreludeBy the spring of 1943, the Allies turned the tide against the Axis armies on all fronts. On the Eastern Front, the Soviet Red Army scored a mammoth victory at Stalingrad, and though they suffered setbacks at Kharkov in March 1943, the victories they achieved were stunning by any standard. Furthermore, they already knew what the Germans had in mind for a new offensive in Southern Russia and were preparing to meet the attack. In the Pacific, America and her allies finally stopped the Japanese advance and were already beginning the long march to Tokyo. Finally, American and British forces cleared North Africa of Axis forces by May 1943, and  captured 270, 000 troops, which included the legendary Afrika Korps.Even before the end of the campaign in Africa, the military chiefs of Britain and America considered their next moves. At the Casablanca conference in January 1943, both sides came to major disagreements about where to strike next. The Americans wanted to get the invasion of France going as soon as possible while the British argued against the idea. Instead, they preferred an approach through Southern Europe and had several reasons for doing so. It would help secure the sea-lanes of the Mediterranean, allow for a strike against Italy, and draw as many German forces as possible away from other fronts. In addition, the Allies already had forces ready to go, and Allied leaders felt the need to maintain the momentum already won in North Africa. While some of the British reasons annoyed the Americans, they could see that the British reasoning for their options. Furthermore, they exercised less influence due to the early defeats that the US army had suffered against the Germans in North Africa. Finally, it had become apparent that it would not be possible to launch an invasion of Western Europe in 1943 anyway. With all of that in mind, the Western Allies agreed to launch new operations against Southern Europe with one important consideration--the operations would not interfere with the preparation for the invasion of Western Europe, now pushed back to 1944.On the evening of July 9, 1943, Allied Forces began operations in the Mediterranean by invading Sicily. Despite some spirited resistance by an elite German panzer division on the beaches, air attacks by the Germans and Italians on the Allied Fleet, and grievous mistakes made in the early hours with airborne units, American and British troops managed to get ashore. In more than a month of fighting, they cleared the island of Axis troops despite slow going as the German forces on the island put up excellent resistance. While holding off their foes, the Germans skillfully evacuated all of their forces along with a large number of Italian forces across the Straits of Messina to the Italian mainland.Despite the victory and the fact that the invasion toppled Mussolini from power, the performance of the German forces in the battle caused some worry for the Allied forces. Although the Allied Forces had air and naval superiority, the Germans fought well during their retreat in which they made the Allied forces fight hard during their retreat to the northeast section of the island. They then managed to escape nearly unscathed across the Straits of Messina to Italy with all of their equipment along with a large portion of the Italian forces and their equipment as well. As a result, they would be available to contest any Allied invasion of the Italian mainland. Still, with the triumph in Sicily and the chaos, that now resulted from Mussolini's fall from power, the Allies decided to expand operations against the Italian mainland. The fact that Italy attempted to surrender also added impetus, but complications soon developed as the Allied forces argued with the Italians about the demand for unconditional surrender, and about Allied plans for invasion. Eventually both sides reached a compromise about the surrender but the arguments and hassles bought time for the Germans costing the Allies dearly.During the spring of 1943, Germany poured troops into the country, ostensibly to help prop up Italian resistance, but also to seize power if Italy attempted to surrender. Though the army and Luftwaffe suffered losses, they emerged from Sicily still capable of fight. Although arguments between Rommel and Kesselring provided trouble for the defense plans, the Whermact had the forces in the area to make a fight for the country even as it did weaken their main fronts in Russia and France.In the final planning, Allied forces in the Mediterranean, under the overall command of Dwight D. Eisenhower, would invade Italy in two stages. Montgomery's Eighth Army would go in first with an attack across the Straits of Messina then advance northward. Next, the recently activated US Fifth Army, under General Mark Wayne Clark, would launch an assault from the Gulf of Salerno, establish a beachhead, then move up to seize the port of Naples. At the same time that the Fifth Army stormed ashore, the British First Airborne Division would move in to seize the large Italian port of Taranto.Both Montgomery and Clark could already see problems with organizational planning for the attack. One of the most important problems was the fact that it would divide already limited shipping further, and put the two forces well out of range of mutual support should something go wrong. However, the Allied high command, impressed at the victory in Sicily, began the process of attempting to aim for higher goals. A paramount concern for the invasion was the issue of fighter, which resulted in the choice of Salerno instead of Naples. Even then, it was stretching things as current land-based fighters from Sicily had the range to operate only 20 minutes over the area. However, if the invasion forces could quickly capture Montecovino Airfield, it would take the strain off the Allied fighters. Furthermore, while the beachhead was very suitable for a landing, a large portion of the area was mountainous and suitable for defense. Among one of the worries was the Sele River, which the British and Americans knew constituted the weak part of their lines.Ironically enough, the Germans had already come to the same conclusion as their Allied counterparts.  Kesselring made his dispositions accordingly. In Salerno, he already had the 16th Panzer Division already in the area and with other German divisions standing by to move quickly to the target sector.Invasion: As the invasion fleet sailed towards Salerno, the Luftwaffe already spotted them. Despite the shadowing Luftwaffe, Clark and his fellow ground commanders, particularly the Americans, felt that they still had the element of surprise, and they believed that the upcoming Italian declaration of surrender would provide chaos for the Germans. In fact, they decided that the invasion would begin without a naval bombardment.  Vice-Admiral Kent Hewitt, a veteran of North Africa and Sicily and in charge of the invasion fleet, would support the assault.With limited shipping available due to the crossing of the Straits of Messina, Clark would have four divisions and several commando units available for the landing. The four divisions were the American 36th and 45th infantry and the British 46th and 56th infantry. The Allied navies would have over 200 ships under Hewitt?s command to provide direct support to the landings. Other fleet units, including British carriers and battleships, were in the area and could move in to assist if necessary. Also at the last minute, Clark gained the 82nd Airborne Division as a reserve when Allied Commanders canceled a planned airdrop on Rome.On the night of September 8, the Allied invasion fleet reached the Gulf of Salerno. Soon as the invasion began to get underway, an announcement came in from General Eisenhower that Italy had surrendered. Many believed that the invasion troops now had a clear run but the long awaiting Germans dashed those hopes as they disarmed their former allies in short order. Shortly after the troops of the 16th panzer division captured the Italian costal defenses at Salerno, they greeted the American troops over loudspeakers as their landing craft made the final run to the shore, ?Come on in and give up. We have you covered." A wave of explosions cemented proof of that statement as the troops of the US 36th ?Texan? division disembarked and began to fight their way ashore.With a 15-minute barrage from naval warships that cleared the way for them, the British divisions got ashore relatively easy and quickly seized their objectives. On their left flank, the commando units had even better success as they captured their objectives and held their ground against initial German counterattacks. Eventually they ran into the same trouble that met their American colleagues to the south as elements of the 16th panzer division began to engage them.-More details hereIf the British encountered bad luck in their landing zone, the American landings descended into chaos when the first salvo of German fire began to hammer the 36th division as they made the final run to the shore. Even as they encountered fierce German defenses, the newly tested Americans began to fight their way up from the shore to their first objectives. Eventually after a hard day of fighting, they too began to seize their objectives. Though both the Americans and British forces were ashore, they had only driven a few miles inland and had not been able to link up at the Sele River.-More details hereOut at sea the fleet maintained station and continued to support the troops on the shore despite the savage air attacks from the Luftwaffe even in the face of allied control of the air. When they saw the first wave of American troops come under fire from the German defenses, the fleet hurriedly cleared the mines in their path and began to fire in support of the troops on shore. During the next three days, the Allied forces attempted to expand their lodgment and link up with each other, while the German forces strove to delay and bring up their own heavy reinforcements to crush the beachhead as quickly as possible. Heavy fighting raged all around the perimeter as the Allies took several key towns and airfields only to see the Germans retake them sometime later. In turn, the Germans launched attacks on the beachhead, but a stubborn defense by Allied soldiers on the ground, air strikes, and horrific naval gunfire thwarted their efforts.While the Germans had their own problems, they assembled to assemble 6 divisions and 600 tanks by September 12. On the next day, Kesselring unleashed the assembled force in massive attacks on the beachhead, first starting with the British, and then the Americans.-Add in what the British encountered when the Germans counterattacked. Then add the initial German targets when they switched to the Americans.  Chaos reigned in the American lines as the German counterattack hit them hard. Already they had given up more ground than their British counterparts had, and the German panzers chopped to pieces several isolated units from the 36th and 45th division. With the enemy retreating in front of them, the Germans began an all out drive, and even managed to get as close as one mile from the shore. However, as they closed in, they received exceptionally heavy fire from the warships and from artillery batteries that fired with open sights as the panzers charged towards them.From the perspective of the Allied commanders, things had indeed gone sour. Montgomery was late in reaching them and the Germans were steadily forcing them back. To add to the trouble, the fleet suffered heavily from the constant German air attacks. Soon the situation became so critical that Clark considered evacuating the American troops from their sector of the beachhead despite the protest of the other commanders. However, they all soon squelched that talk as instead they began to pour in reinforcements and support to the beaches. Clark, who had arrived on shore to get a good look at the situation, summed it up for his tired troops, "This is it we don't give a further inch. Our beachhead is secure. We're here to stay". Ground troops began to pour into the beachhead, including the 82nd Airborne Division. They took off in C-47 transport planes and did an airborne jump right over the beachhead with elements reinforcing the lines and others attempting to cause havoc in the rear of the German lines.Out at sea, the fleet continued to hold its ground despite the losses it suffered at the hands of the Luftwaffe and the steady drain of resources it had at its disposal. Throughout the battle, several warships withdrew from the area due to heavy damage and lack of supplies. The departure of the fleet units, as well as the losses put more strain on those that remained particularly the British carriers. Despite the losses and difficulties, the fleet remained on station, delivering superb fire support to the beleaguered ground troops on shore. The recent arrival of four British battleships into the battle provided superb help, although they too suffered damage from the Luftwaffe. A special case was the battleship Warpsite as the Luftwaffe made her one of the victims of the first cruise missiles for use in warfare when they damaged her with a Fritz-X flying bomb. Meanwhile, the Allied 12th and the Desert Air Force battled the Luftwaffe for control of the air while assisting the ground forces. Despite the limited range, Allied land-based fighters put in a strong showing over the beaches alongside the strategic bombers. The bombers did heavy damage to their targets. It was here that the presence of British planes from their carriers proved very valuable although constant combat action cut deeply into their air groups mainly due to exhaustion and landing accidents.Seeing that the beachhead would hold against all of his assaults and that Montgomery?s Eighth Army was slowly closing in, Kesselring began to disengage his forces. Those that faced the Americans moved out first with the rest moving out some time later. By the time the two allied armies linked up on the 16th, the Germans already had begun to fall back steadily to new defensive lines.Aftermath: Though Operation Avalanche had succeeded, it only came through heavy fighting and by a thin margin. The Germans fought back well, and managed to inflict about twice the losses on the Allied forces that they suffered for themselves. Furthermore, the near success at Salerno emboldened Hitler to allow Kesselring to make his stand in the mountains south of Rome. However, the performance of Allied naval gunfire left a deep impression on the Germans and factored into their deliberations about the Atlantic Wall.On the Allied side, both the Americans and British exchanged blame for the results of the battle. The commander of the American corps in the operation lost his job, and Clark came under fire for his actions during the prelude to the assault. In turn, he blamed the British commanders, particularly Montgomery and the slow progress of the 8th army against negligible resistance. Higher up the chain of command, Eisenhower fretted about the progress of Operation Avalanche, and thought about the fact that had it failed, he would have lost his job.In addition, they began to assess the battle and learned some harsh lessons that would influence their actions in the later invasions at Anzio, and most importantly of all, in Normandy, France. In the case of Anzio, the memory of Salerno haunted the Allied commanders and would eventually lead to the siege of the beachhead. Fortunately, by the time of Normandy, the Allied forces got the nature of doing a seaborne invasion correct. Remembering what had happened at Salerno, Eisenhower demanded access to all of the firepower he could get his hands on from both the air force and navy when his turn came at Normandy.References: Atkinson, Rick. The Day of Battle: The War in Sicily and Italy, 1943-1944 (Liberation Trilogy) Clark, Lloyd (2006). Anzio: Italy and the battle for Rome. Headline Publishing Group, Fifth Army Historical Section (1990) [1944]. Salerno American Operations From the Beaches to the Volturno 9 September - 6 October 1943. CMH Online bookshelves: American Forces in Action Series. Washington: US Army Center of Military History. CMH Pub 100-7. http://www.army.mil/cmh-pg/books/wwii/salerno/sal-fm.htm#cont. Morrison, Samuel J. The Two Ocean War: a short history of the United States Navy in the Second World War.Smith, Col. Kenneth V. (1990?). Naples-Foggia 9 September 1943-21 January 1944. CMH Online bookshelves: World War II Campaigns. Washington: US Army Center of Military History. CMH Pub 72-17. http://www.army.mil/cmh/brochures/naples/72-17.htm.Wallace, Robert. The Italian CampaignZaloga, Steven J. Anzio 1944: The beleaguered beachhead. Oxford, Osprey Publishing, 2005.Battlefield: The battle for ItalyBattlefield: The battle for NormandyVictory at Sea: Roman RenaissanceWorld at War: Tough Old Gut: Italy (1943-1944)So any thoughts.

Still the Americans had two powerful carriers (the Enterprise and the Hornet) in the area along with impressive support assets as well as the all-important Henderson Field.

Seems like an overuse of adjectives?

Shouldn't this go here since this thread is about an operation that occured in Europe in World War II and your reply is about an operation that took place in the Pacific. Here is the link I think that you're looking for. I apologize if my response seems kinda out of line.